2012 № 7

The short review of tests development Russian history is presented. The number of innovative transformations in Russian educational system considered in the context of quality assessment in educational system is discussed.

This article is sanctified to the last achievements of inorganic chemistry in the areas of receipt of new substances, studies of their stereochemical structure and practical application.

The article presents an innovative tool to assess the level of student achievement within the competence approach in teaching chemistry. As examples the author proposes the use of contextual problems and competence-oriented tests. The paper presents the design principles of such materials. The author gives example of the control based on the contextual problems on the "Halogen", as well as setting an example of competence-based multiple choice test.

The article dwell upon the problem of the development of student’s reflective abilities during the practicum of Chemistry teaching technique. It is shown that reflection can be successfully cultivated by means of a chemical experiment, discussion of its results, creation of problematic situations, understanding of the solution. Methods of the reflection’s development are shown by the example of student’s project of experimental procedure “Combination reaction of iron and sulfur”.

Research activity is a way to cognition. Students do not get the knowledge sum, but acquire that knowledge as a result of their own activity. As an example a lesson of new material introduction in the 8th Form, where students have been offered the research pattern, is examined.

The design of the lesson is offered, at which they introduce ideas about acids, and their composition, names, classification, and physical properties.

Considered various approaches to solving problems of molecular geometry.

Use of terminus ”molecule” and “formula unit” was considered in this article. The terminus “formula unit”, what is complicated enough and incompletely precise, is suggested to be replased by word “tolika” from Russian language. Definite: the tolika is a conditional particle, including minimal number of atoms which agree with elemental composition of substance which possesses carcass or ionic structure.

On the jubilee of A. V. Babkov

There is a large-grain table represented in the article. It is named “Methods of expressing the concentration of solutions”. This table makes the explanation of the material easier for understanding. The table will simplify the independent work of students. This table will allow to students solve many different tasks on this topic.

The article covers the basis of calculation methods for the determination of molecular formulas of compound. It is shown that information about the content of even one element in the compound of known or presumptive class is sufficient to determine the true formula of compound.

In the article the view of current situation in the chemistry teaching methods and estimation of quality of knowledge of students in the conditions of introduction of new forms of total certification (GIA) is offered. The author focuses his attention on the main questions, exciting teachers; solutions of the revealed problems are offered.

The celebrations of Mole Day and National Chemistry Week in the USA and some other countries are described.

The author offers test tasks and assignments, analogous to those included into the exam, supplying them by the game or competition elements.

The development of the lesson on the subject of “Alcohols” in the 9th Form is offered. There are elements of IT included in the lesson, which allows the time saving, diversification of the work modes, usage of descriptive material, conduction of self-test.

A propaedeutic lesson in the 5-6th Forms on the subject of “The journey into the chemistry world” is developed in accordance with the authorial educational program on the subject and focused on the getting students ready to learn the complicated chemistry material in the senior classes. The philosophy of the offered lesson is an important benchmark in implementing the methodical system of the pedagogical support of gifted children at the propaedeutic stage of the chemistry study.

Biotechnologies, and genetic modification of plants in particular, are one of the engines of the scientific and technical progress. They allow production of new races of plants, which are plant pest resistant and featuring and improved protein and fat composition. The majority of cultivated plants is the result of the artificial selection of species, featuring useful for a human being and useless for a plant itself properties.

The technique of two practical works such as “Preparation of the solution contains a certain mass of dissolved substances” and “Preparation of the solution contains the specified molar concentration” is proposed. It involves quantitative measurements, using of digital laboratories. There are new approaches to management of chemical experiment in the lesson to focus on the development of universal educational skills of students, including educational action research, search, selection and use of relevant information.

Chemicals are stored in the lab room in the locked sections of cabinets with dead doors (hatches). They use a safe to store poisonous and inflammable matters. Flasks with highly inflammable liquids are placed in the portable metal box, the bottom of which is filled with the sand. When checking chemistry classrooms, the special attention is paid to the chemical reagent storage system, and the existence of the registration log of usage of chemical reagent from the number of precourses.

The author offers educational program of extracurricular activity for the junior students “Colored kaleidoscope”, which main goal is to provide conditions for intellectual development of the students of junior classes in the field of sciences. The program is based on the knowledge, acquired by students from the course of “The World Around”. The age of children to participate the program implementation is 9-11 years old.

Women contribution in alchemy is discussed in article. Data about women-alchemists. The attempts of these women to make gold from base metals, as well as theirs searches of the immortality elixir are considered. Books written by some of these persons are described. The reasons for the limited participation of women in the implementation alchemical experiments are analyzed.

The story about “philosophical mercury” alchemical searches by Sir Isaac Newton is given.