2023 № 02

The school course of organic chemistry requires significant changes, since in its current form it is replete with outdated and untrue reactions, and a significant part of the time is devoted to mastering skills that have no practical value. In addition, its content is mainly aimed at memorizing reactions, which makes chemistry an unattractive subject in the eyes of schoolchildren.

The article is devoted to the prospects for using natural resources and the development of the regions of the Far East in the zone of the Baikal-Amur mainline. The characteristics of the Yuzhno-Yakutsk, Kodaro-Udokan territorial production complexes and the Bodaibinsky gold-bearing district of the Irkutsk region are given.

The inclusion of a regional component in the content of the chemistry course not only has a positive effect on the perception of difficult material, but also contributes to the achievement of educational goals, in particular, it forms patriotic feelings among students, respect and love for their small homeland, the desire to improve its environment and preserve natural resources.

The article presents author’s reflections on the competition «Teacher of the Year of Russia 2022», as well as the life of a great Russian chemist D. I. Mendeleev and his main discovery — the Periodic table of chemical elements. The way in which the scientist came to his discovery is shown.

The article considers in detail the classification of hydrocarbons and their functional derivatives, suggests algorithms and classification schemes, presents tasks for independent work.

For 7th grade students, the author has developed an early chemistry education program, which is based mainly on experiment. Materials for some classes in the framework of the propaedeutic chemistry course “Amazing nearby” are offered.

The scenario of a lesson of acquiring new knowledge for 9th grade students is presented. The lesson is planned in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Standard.

Education content update requires students not only to be able to work with text, solve calculation and experimental problems, but also analyze the information of a thought experiment described in the form of tables, diagrams and graphs. A graphical representation of a chemical process contributes to the development of abstract thinking, the ability to analyze, compare and find an optimal way for solving problems.

The article presents an analysis of the solution of a calculation problem of an advanced level. Two alternative ways of reasoning are shown. It is noted that the analysis with schoolchildren of ways to solve the problem is designed to reduce the lack of confidence and unwillingness to start solving such problems.

The authors describe several chemistry teaching techniques used in Indian schools, such as finding the molecular formula of a substance based on the mass ratio of elements and their relative atomic masses; representation of the valence of atoms in the form of their combining power or capacity; tabular form of analysis of the atomic composition and electronic structure; an original method of memorizing the information about electrons in various energy levels; a way to verify the correctness of Lewis structures; a method for equalizing redox reactions without drawing up an electronic balance.

The experience of organizing extracurricular chemical course on the base of system-activity and integrative approaches is described. The author offers his method of step-by-step chemical analysis methods acquisition, which gives an opportunity to form natural science literacy and develop students’ research culture.

The article proposes a way to increase the motivation to study chemistry in the humanities classes by using integrated projects both in the classroom and in extracurricular activities.

The article lists the quality indicators required for instant pasta according to State Standards (GOSTs) and provides methods for determining humidity, acidity, ash content, contamination and pest infestation. The experiments aimed at determining the quality and possible falsification of this type of product may be useful for organizing extracurricular activities in chemistry.

The article provides information about the history of the discovery of chemical elements, the names of which are associated with Russia, Russian scientists and cities, and also discusses issues of priority in the discovery of a number of chemical elements.