2022 № 03

The criteria for evaluating the work of a school should not be based on performance indicators. The psychological climate, the level of comfort, the availability of personal development mechanisms and their accessibility for each student, the school environment with a full set of conditions for obtaining a high quality education should be considered.

The information about the emergence of the Universe, the Big Bang theory, processes of nucleosynthesis at different stages of the evolution of the Universe are discussed. The origin of ultra-light and super-heavy chemical elements is considered.

The purpose of the article is to describe approaches to the selection of the content for the Unified State Exam in Chemistry as an evaluation procedure “with high stakes”; to give a methodological commentary on new models of tasks. Consideration of changes in the structure of the Unified State Exam in Chemistry allows us to talk about their compliance with the requirements for standardization, objectivity, reliability and validity. Based on the comparison of the requirements for learning outcomes presented in the Federal Standards, the possible expansion of the list of planned learning outcomes is discussed, the relevance of solving these issues by the pedagogical community is noted. The methodological commentary on the modified models of tasks included in the exam materials allows to understand the directions of its updating, which are carried out mainly by expanding the range of mental operations and the form of presenting the conditions of tasks, strengthening control of the meta-subject component of students’ educational training, including the skills that make up functional literacy.

The article describes the process of developing tasks for the formation of natural science literacy in the format of international studies of the quality of education; examples of tasks are given.

The author shares methodological techniques for creating problem situations in the classroom, contributing to the growth of students’ motivation and achieving good learning results.

The article is devoted to the application of a research approach in the learning process, which helps to strengthen students’ motivation to study, develops universal learning activities, gives the opportunity to independently assimilate new knowledge, skills and competencies, including the organization of the learning process, i. e. the ability to learn.

The systematic use of various methods in chemistry lessons for the development of students’ intellectual skills contributes to their mental development, forms such personality qualities as independence, initiative and creativity.

The article considers the acid-base properties of organic substances, their dependence on the structure of molecules. Examples of organic acids, bases and amphoteric compounds are given.

The content of chemistry education is regarded as a substantive basis for the achievement of meta-subject results. On the example of studying the chemical composition of natural waters, the ways of organizing students’ research activities aimed at the formation of interdisciplinary concepts and universal learning abilities are revealed.

The article discusses chemical experiments in studying hormones. The experiments can be used by teachers of chemistry and biology in extracurricular activities when conducting elective courses, electives, or organizing project and research activities of high school students.

In the article the author shows how the organization of the school and district chemistry contest for the 8th-10th grades contributes to the students’ effective interaction, successful assimilation of educational material in practice, constant improvement of the quality of education and students’ positive motivation to study Science.

Tasks based on a literary text are aimed at developing students’ functional literacy. An extracurricular generalizing lesson on the topic “Hydrogen: methods of production, properties and application” based on the analysis of a literary text is proposed.

The article describes a students’ research project on studying conifers as a potential source of vitamin C. The biochemical functions of vitamin C in the human body, its role in increasing immune system resistance and treating diseases during the global pandemic COVID-19, are considered. The project is based on historical, practical-oriented and problematic approaches. The proposed material will be useful for working with students of medical and chemical-biological classes.

The article describes a technique for taking photographs of microcrystals by dark-field and polarization microscopy with the use of an optical microscope. The procedure of sample preparation is described. This technique will be useful for organizing students’ extracurricular activities.