2021 № 9

Even after accumulating a wealth of experience, the teacher is forced to continue studying. Self-education allows you to realize an individual educational trajectory and acquire relevant, in-demand knowledge. There are various sources for enriching professional competencies.

Modern material science, which, as an interdisciplinary science, is intensively developing on the basis of physics, mathematics, biology, chemistry, cybernetics, ecology, etc., is the locomotive of the development of the most important branches of the world economy. The article presents information about the main concepts, current problems and promising directions of materials science, which can be useful for teachers of physics and chemistry of secondary schools and lyceums.

The definition of the concept of “students’ self-management in educational activities” is given. The essential characteristics of self-management skills are presented. The ways of forming students’ self-management skills in teaching chemistry are revealed. The article presents a scientific and methodological classification of tasks in chemistry, the implementation of which contributes to the formation of a whole complex of students’ self-management skills in educational activities.

Due to the current epidemiological situation in the world, distance learning plays an important role in the system of secondary and general education, in particular, in teaching chemistry. The article offers the ways of teaching chemistry in the context of distance learning based on the environmental approach. A lesson on the topic “Carbohydrates, monosaccharides” is described.

The article considers a new type of tasks included in the control and measuring materials for the Unified State Exam in Chemistry in 2022.This task tests knowledge on the topics “Hydrolysis of salts”, “Acidic, neutral, alkaline aqueous solutions:”. The specific feature of the new task is the use of the concept of the pH.

The article attempts to systematically analyze errors, incorrect formulations and inaccuracies in the tasks of the Unified State Exam in Chemistry in recent years. Proposals have been put forward to improve the quality control of the content of the USE tasks in Chemistry.

Drawbacks of students’ quality of knowledge assessment are discussed. Ways to overcome these drawbacks are suggested. Approaches and to creating a diagnostic test for thematic control are justified. The test is aimed at assessing student’s quality of knowledge in chemistry as a combination of subject and meta-subject results and creative activity experience. An example of test on the topic “VA Subgroup” is provided.

The scenario of a lesson on the topic “Acids” is given.

When teaching to solve calculation problems, the most important and long stage is forming the ability to compare the amounts of substances involved in the reaction and record the results of the comparison.

In the article, drinks are discussed as an interesting and accessible object for students to study. Using the example of analyzing juices, the ways of formulating a cognitive task used as the basis of students’ research activities in the classes of the system of additional education are revealed.

A description of the intellectual game “Chemists of the Urals” is given. The game is aimed at revising and generalizing the material of the section “General and inorganic chemistry”. The game was organized on the Online Test Pad platform.

The article presents in detail the methods of growing crystals of copper vitriol and potassium alum. Using them for making costume jewelry is considered. These methods can be used both when organizing extracurricular activities with students of general education organizations, and for home experiments.

Easily reproducible experiments with hydrogen peroxide, illustrating its oxidizing properties, are proposed.

This article describes the theoretical foundations of photocolorimetry, as well as the use of this method in organizing extracurricular activities of high school students. A series of experiments with the use of photocolorimetry is presented.

The article presents materials on the role of the outstanding French chemist Marcelin Berthelot in the development of organic chemistry and the formation of organic synthesis. The characteristic features of Berthelot’s scientific activity and scientific method are defined. The role of the scientist’s chemical discoveries in industry is shown. The humanistic context of Berthelot's scientific work is considered. The proposed historical and chemical material will be useful for teachers to design integrated chemistry lessons, develop contextual personality-oriented tasks, and construct a scenario for extracurricular educational activities.