2019 № 2

Textbooks included in the Federal List, and approved for use in general education organizations, are a universal teaching tool with which the teacher has the opportunity to achieve the learning outcomes stipulated by the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standards and the Provisions of the Basic Education Programs of General Education. Not only the textual component of textbooks, but also visual series of didactic illustrations expand the possibilities of cognition and perception of thematic information, and also serves as a means of learning based on the use of universal and specific educational technologies.

The main data on chemical kinetics of chain branched reactions are presented. The elementary processes occurring in chain spontaneous ignition of the mixture of hydrogen and oxygen are discussed.

The paper addresses such issues as the organization of modern approaches to the assessment of students' academic achievements in chemistry. The characteristics and features of such methodical techniques as “Hand signals”, “Card index”, “Color index” at chemistry lessons when studying the topic “Elemental substances” in Grade 8 are given.

Instead of textbooks by O. S. Gabriyelyan, The Russian Textbook Corporation offers two tutorial lines in chemistry: textbooks by V. V. Lunin and by N. E. Kuznetsova.

The article is devoted to formation of interest in chemistry by means of designing and solving qualitative tasks which have to contain the data causing personal interest of the school students, supplementing or specifying their knowledge or affecting their practical activities.

The standardized sets of test tasks on the subject “Structure of Atom” which help automate control and assessment and establish timely feedback for the subsequent correction of students’ knowledge and abilities are offered.

The article presents the modern pedagogical principles and methods of teaching chemistry in order to form research competence of senior students. Specific examples of organizing the work in the classroom and extracurricular activities for the formation of students’ research skills in the field of natural science are given.

The nomenclature of various inorganic acids is considered in detail, schemes of naming acids are offered, tasks for independent work are presented.

The description of a lesson “Phosphorus and its compounds” with the use of work in small groups is presented in the article. Such form of a lesson increases students’ interest in studying the subject, making all of them take an active part in the educational process.

The scenario of a lesson of studying new material in the 8th class according to O.S. Gabriyelyan's program is offered. This material completes studying of the section “The transformations of substances”.

An activity in which students use paper cards to build the representations of ionic formulas and chemical reactions is described. This simple and relevant in the modern chemistry teaching method was developed by a Russian teacher V. Verkhovskiy in 1927. Students, using the Verhovskiy’s method, proposed to use colored paper cards instead of white ones. They also suggested using non-paper-based cards, i.e. “domino sticks”. Students, who had participated in the building blocks activity, showed significantly higher post-tests scores than students who had not participated.

The description of an extracurricular activity for the 9-graders, the team game focused on integration of knowledge in chemistry, ecology, biology, fundamentals of health and safety, is presented in article.

The article presents the experience of design and research activity of students of primary school, as a part of their acquaintance with a new subject. A variant of explaining the concept of “acidity” is given, and the project “Natural indicators” is described.

The authors describe the students’ research «Electroplating as a practical application of electrolysis». Special attention is paid to the organization of the experimental part of the study.

The article shows the history of the assignment of names to individual chemical elements according to the places where they were discovered.

The article considers factors that favored development, patenting, and promotion of so-called Flinn scientific table of chemical elements in US schools and universities; the fate of eponym “Mendeleev table” is illustrated by the prior revealed analogy between behavior of eponyms and molecules.

The article discusses the study of the chemical properties of aromatic acids and their derivatives in the classes of medical profile. These acids and their derivatives are widely used in medical practice as pharmaceuticals. The technique of a research experiment is proposed as the most important condition for the organization of productive cognitive activity of students in a class in chemistry.

Several laboratory experiments related to the themes “Acidic and basic properties. Reactions of double displacement”, “Hydrolysis of salts” and aimed at the development of students’ critical thinking are discussed in the article.