2012 № 8

The competition and scientific results of the 44th International Chemistry Olympiad (Washington, July 2012) are considered.

The aricle is about the history of ideas about human nourishment. The author analyses some specific theories and practices in this field, the results of experimental investigations in the field of digestion mechanism done by academician A.M. Ugolev. Also, the theory of natural nourishment and some changes possible in the field of human nourishment today in accordance with the problems under discussion.

For the organization of educational process it is necessary to prove the structure and chemistry school course content which meets the requirements of Federal state educational standard. Practice shows that the realization of innovative ideas should occur at preservation and development of the best traditions of Russian education.

The innovative technology of the individually-oriented method of teaching is one of the most effective. The usage of that technology allows adapting a class-and-lesson system to the opportunities and individual demands of each student. The design of the lesson on the subject of “The General physical properties of metals” is offered.

The selection of teamwork method while studying metal corrosion is made conditional on the fact that such way of work at the lesson promotes the progress of critical thinking and adequate self-appraisal of students, develops independence and responsibility, ability to cooperate and collaborate, increase creativity. Metal corrosion is the theme, while studying which students must, on the one hand, apply the knowledge about chemical properties of metals they received earlier, while on the other hand, corrosion is the phenomena they have encountered in their life. This is such position of the lesson, which allows using the teamwork while conducting that lesson.

The article is devoted to the problem of students’ cognitive activity development, use of game technologies in learning chemistry. This is a game-lesson, which allows to control in the entertaining form students knowledge on the basic classes of inorganic compounds, genetic link between matters, set the level of technical knowledge and the practical skills in the detection of substances, develops students cognitive activity.

The problem of motivation of educational activity is complex, difficultly tractable, therefore attracting the attention of researchers in the field of psychology, pedagogies, a subject procedure as the success of educational activity in much depends on its motivation. We have developed and approved the program of a propaedeutic course « Cognitive chemistry for beginners » for pupils 5-7 the classes, directed on progress of cognitive interest pupils, formation of stable motivation to studying chemistry, and, as a trace, improvement of quality of chemical preparation of students basically, and then and the senior school. In given article we result a procedure of carrying out of the integrated lesson for pupils 6 classes on subject matter « the Mixture – non-uniform system » on the basis of activity the approach.

The article reveals some methods of forecasting chemistry knowledge by students of schools and universities.

The problem of pupil’s weak preparation for C2 tasks of Chemistry’s Common State Examination in the form of a conceived experiment is revealed in the article. Reasons for typical pupil’s mistakes caused by lack of knowledge of physical characteristics and deficiency of laboratory experiments are analyzed. The necessity of introduction of chemical experiment during the CSE training period is determined. Running the chemical experiment will improve the level of pupils knowledge and skills in Chemistry and will allow the teacher to train pupils for Common State Exam effectively.

The materials of the article help teachers of chemistry to organize elective course “Training for Universal State Exam on Chemistry” in online community. The elective course contains 8 units. Each unit includes theoretic materials, special training tests and system of main chemical definitions. The elective course takes 24 hours in the second semester in 11th form.

The technique of the organization of educational research is offered when studying corrosion of iron. Feature of a technique is the practical orientation, presentation, small expenses of time.

Opportunities of using methods of problem chemistry training in the 9th and 11th Forms of secondary school have been shown in the work. New school chemical experiments on solutions of some basic and acidic salts (subsalts and supersalts) developed by the author are the basis of this teaching methodology. Problem situations created with the help of experiments offered, must be solved by students directed by the teacher on the basis of theoretical analysis of experiments observed.

The right diet organization demands the knowledge, even in its most general way, of the chemical composition of the food raw materials and ready-to-use food stuffs, ideas regarding ways of their production, about changes, which take place during their production, storage and culinary processing of foodstuffs as information about digesting processes as well.

The article examines the scientific and systematic ways of implementing continuous technology of project and research activity of students in the field of chemistry. The concept models of organizing the Summer school of young chemists and the Regional contest of young chemists are presented, ant their tight logical links are shown. With the help of the practical experience results it has been determined that the offered technology is highly effective one and it is a key to create student’s positive motivation not only to research activity, but to professional orientation as well.

The paper presents the development of extracurricular activities, whose purpose - increase mental activity and cognitive activity of students, to achieve the development of creative abilities, enhance the interest of pupils to the subject with creative assignments on the "Metals", contributing to the expansion of a school vision and development savvy, thinking, resourcefulness and ingenuity.

The life and scientific achievements of the great Swedish chemist Karl Scheele, who worked entire life as simple pharmacist, describes in article. Data about his work in pharmacies in Gothenburg, Malmo, Stockholm, Uppsala and Köpingand Köping are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the discoveries of Scheele, in particular the discovery of six chemical elements, as well as the obtaining of oxygen. The reasons for his early death are discussed too.

The world of nanotechnologies penetrates different spheres of our everyday life more and more actively. And food industry is not exclusion: the packaging, ingredients, nutrition value, and food storage experience very noticeable changes lately to the great extent due to the application of nanotechnologies. The number of biologically active additives produced on the basis of nanometric size particles, keeps increasing.