2012 № 3

The Congress of Chemistry Teachers and Instructors was held with the object of unity recreating among the chemistry teachers of secondary and high school, as well as a coordination mechanism of the quality of education, fulfilling it with new scientific knowledge and understanding of high intellectual standards, which must be integrated for the secondary school as for the high school as well.

The development of competence building approach ideas in education challenges that every teacher should study the peculiarities of educational process organization, education technologies and the control of the required results. The author of the article tried to attract attention to some aspects of the problem mentioned above.

The article presents the summary of the lesson "Classification of elements." This lesson is the second in a series of lessons focused on teaching pupils the scientific method of classification. Pupils acquire knowledge about the classification of simple substances into metals and nonmetals, the ability to distinguish metals and nonmetals on the physical properties. Comparison of objects and their division into classes – is a general educational skills.

The authors provide the content-analysis results on the integration problem while studying chemistry, and examine the modern teaching modes, which feature an integrated nature. The special attention has been paid to the characteristics of the mainstream and supplementary education, based on the integration of techniques, methods, actions, and content.

It is possible to use a philatelic material in the educative process both in school as in high school as well. The article provides the possible ways of using the philatelic material when studying how to use hydrogen.

Classic interrelation between composition, structure, and behavior of matters exists not only at the macro-, but at the micro-level also. Atom properties as substance features are determined by their structure. It is necessary to have a knack for bringing this interrelation into the open. The article offers an illustrative scheme, which reflects different causative dependences at the atomic level. The module of tasks focused on the establishing interrelations at the atomic level and including those interrelations into the system of more complex relations is provided.

At present an educational institution administration calls on each teacher to have a work program, which is compiled in accordance with the new-generation Federal State Education Standard requirements. The article examines how to frame up any work programs and what makes sense being included into it.

The Federal list of chemistry textbooks recommended (allowed) to use in educational process in 2012/13 academic year is introduced.

On chemistry lessons research activity is inseparably connected with an experiment. Laboratory experiments on studying certain phenomena or the behavior of matters (concoctions), which are familiar to students from everyday life, allow them accomplishing little discoveries. The author narrates about conducting group labs, where each group receives a special task.

Considerable part of students has difficulty of solving chemical problems in solutions. For improving students’ skills for calculations a teacher should use a visual methods as a basic, students deduce a formulas without assistance on bases on reasoning.

The given article contains a brief survey of the classification variants of the inorganic matters, which are met in different hand- and textbooks. The most commonly encountered classification problems, inaccuracies and discrepancies available have been analyzed, as an integrated system approach to the classification of oxides, hydroxides, and non-metal hydrides based on their acid-base properties has been offered as well. The corresponding scheme of an integrated classification is provided. At that acid and base classes are considered as combining classes (superclasses), which include representatives of different classes, basing (depending) on their functional attribute. The connection of the classification with the explanation of acid-base properties of matters is shown.

The application of the digital laboratories (computer detectors) in laboratory experiments and demonstrations of chemical experiments is proposed. It is shown that the use of this equipment at the lessons of chemistry allows to organize cognitive activities of students in accordance with the requirements of the new educational standard, integrating elements of scientific research into the training. Some examples of the specific experiments are recommended.

The article dwells upon the problem of the reflective stereotypes that chemistry teacher seem to possess. Researches revealed the stereotype: partially soluble in the water salts do not undergo hydrolysis. The example of the calcium carbonate solution disproved this attitude. The technique of work with teachers on its reconsideration is resulted. It has been proved that overcoming of this theacher’s stereotype and gaining new creative teaching experience are more successfully performed through the solving of experimental imaginative tasks.

Three widespread reactions of chlorine synthesis are investigated: hydrochloric acid with permanganate, manganese(IV) oxide and dichromate. It is found out that they are much more complicated than the majority of textbooks describe. At room temperature both permanganate and manganese(IV) oxide with 36% HCl give MnCl3. Permanganate with 20% HCl gives MnO2, that reacts only when heating. Dichromate aside of chlorine gives CrO2Cl2 that could be taken for chlorine.

Out-of-school activities are an important link in teacher’s work, specially at the initial stage of teaching. Whether or not children will keep being interested in this sphere of knowledge depends on their very first impression from the new subject studied. Before everything else, elements of entertainment, game, and theatricalization allow to provoke the 8th Form students’ interest. A fairy-tale scenario, which is accompanied by the demonstration of effective experiments, is offered.

The article gives a brief outline of the history of electrochemistry in Russia. We consider the study of domestic scientists to improve designs and manufacturing technologies of galvanic elements.

The first period of Faraday’s scientific work is allied to chemistry. The list of obtained results is impressive. He identified the chemical composition of limestone; explored the influence of various additives on steel quality. Many gases were got in liquidness first by Faraday. He got ethyl-sulphuric acid. He liberated benzol from the waste of coal gas and explored its the most important properties. Michael Faraday formulated the laws of electrolysis, which formed the basis of a new chemical discipline – quantitave electrochemistry. Michael Faraday’s achievements in physics are tremendous – he is a founder of electromagnetic field theory.