2011 № 4

Article is devoted the International year of Chemistry and pressing questions of modern chemical formation.

Associate Head of the Legal Department of the Administration of the All-Russian Trade Union of the Education is answering our readers’ questions.

Searching and generating strained ring-main systems or systems, which contain several cycles in different unstable conformations, called the great interest to chemistry of strained caged compounds. During the latest decade the great progress has been reached in this filed, resulting in the synthesis of the entire line of N-phthaloyl amino acids with extremely uncommon structure. Except of searching for compounds with high strain energy, the synthesis of alike compounds reflects more and more fine fantasy of organic chemists and perfection of methods and techniques of the modern organic synthesis.

The article examines a position of the Requirement for the results of mastering the fundamental educational programs in the Federal State educational standard-2, types of results, such as: personal, meta-subjective, and subjective. The Requirements for the results of teaching chemistry from the standpoint of their conformity to the controlling and measuring materials of the State Final Merit Rating (GIA) and the Unified State Examination (YeGE), an opportunity to implement the Requirements for the results of mastering the fundamental educational programs in practice have been analyzed.

The article is about organization, development and diagnostics of interdisciplinary results in chemistry education. The author points out planned interdisciplinary results which includes general skills. Author suggests situational tasks for development and diagnostics of mentioned skills.

As the results of international research show modern Russian schoolchildren can to solve problems on reproduction of knowledge, but they have some difficulties to apply chemical knowledge in practice. To achievements modern requirements for learning results students should solve problems, in which a chemical phenomenon is interconnected with the practice of a life. This article contains examples of such problems.

The author has elaborated the innovative educational project, which can influence the choice of basic school leaver profile orientation, and in the future – the selection of the profession in the industrial and technical sphere, and the wish to study and work in Kuzbass (the Kuznetsky coal basin).

The experience of implementing the project teaching within the framework oа the pre-profession-oriented preparation of students is offered, which is based on the material, published in scientific and systematic magazine “Chemistry at school for school leavers and teachers. The magazine’s library” for 2007 year.

The elective course “Her Majesty mass content” is elaborated in accordance with the idea of profile learning, focused on implementing the main goal towards the development of motivation of the basic school students’ orientation at getting education major in natural sciences within the framework of the profile (secondary) school. Studying the given course encourages students to get their knowledge systematized, to have their skills to work problems using definition “mass content” improved, to keep their cognitive interests, thinking processes, and independence developing.

The design of the lesson on learning the new material on the subject of “Alcohols” for the 9th Form of an ungraded rural school is offered. The targets of the lesson are as follows: to from the general idea about the class of alcohols and the functional group, to extend the ideas about harmful influence of alcohol on the human body.

The article offers algorithms, which can be useful for students to have tasks solved successfully and examples of part C of the Unified State Examination in chemistry.

In different aid-books for entering universities tasks to draw formulas of compounds, in which conditions there are more data, then it is necessary to get an answer, are often there. In such cases it is not necessary to use superfluous data, and thus to choose rational, and even best decisions.

The author shares the experience of work on an important problem of teaching students to solve calculation tasks, and offers to base upon the detail analysis of the conditions of each task, when teaching that skill.

In the process of organization of chemical experiment it is necessary to carried out great number of mathematical calculations on the base of some formulas and propositions With the aim of time shortening at this process and obtain of exact results the program, based on the electronic table “Excel” was elaborated. This program is consisted from two columns: in first column the date by quantities are introduced and in second column-same necessary formulas, on the base of which computer for short time has calculated necessary results.

Modern methods of compound identification are discussed in relation to computer databases (includuing Internet) searching. It is shown, that systematic nomenclature is inadequate for this task. More adequate tools, such as registration numbers, text representation of chemical formulae and databases with input chemical structure are described. Utilization of these tools is also described. The knowledge and skills, necessary for searching information on substances are listed.

Under the conditions of chemical labs of profile schools and lyceums chemical ways of generating nanoparticles and studying their properties are quite accessible. One of simple and demonstrative ways of generating metal nanoparticles is thermal analysis of their oxalates. Some metal oxalates (those of ferrum, cobalt, cuprum, zink) are produces as reagents.

Replacement of one kind of milk with another is one of kinds of falsification of milk and the lactic products making the main component of a balanced diet of the person. Falsification of natural and drinking milk can be carried out by addition of water, skim milk, neutralised substances, by a subremoval cream, addition in soda milk (for the purpose of acidity fall), etc. the Most ordinary and "innocent" fake consists in sale of the removed (fat-free) milk as integral. Известь (lime water), поташ and soda add to milk in the summer for the prevention of its souring. Poor-quality foodstuff not only suffers a damage from the economic party to the consumer, but also is threat to health of the person. Therefore the important problem elective a course was to learn pupils to define by means of simple and accessible methods authenticity of milk and lactic products.

sing the research method while studying chemistry allows to involve students into independent, creatively intense activity. Creative types of work, such as drawing-up crosswords, thinking out different tasks, composing fairy-tales, drawing different charts, writing papers, theses, and abstracts, carrying out different types of research, etc. have the great importance to elaborate research skills.

For the purpose of organizing the additional educational training of prospective university students at the Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia (Saint-Petersburg) except of a preparatory division the minor faculty of chemistry has been established. The article shares the experience of organizing classes at the minor faculty of chemistry.

The author offers the program of club “Young Environmental Specialist” targeted students of the 6th – 9th Forms. It is counted for 96 hours (59 hours from which are the practical training).

The article gives a brief outline of the history of salt production in Russia. Considered the most important field of use of this mineral man.