2022 № 10

The issues of the content of the general school chemistry course, the ratio of its components and the significance of individual sections are discussed. It is proposed to significantly reduce the share of sections with an excessive mathematical component that is not directly related to the task of mastering purely chemical issues of the relationship between the structure and properties of substances.

When solving problems, students more consciously assimilate the initial concepts of chemistry. In addition, they acquire skills in operating with physical parameters, which will serve as a tool for obtaining knowledge.

Nowadays much attention is paid to the formation of students’ functional literacy. Students should know how to use their applied knowledge for solving practical tasks in various aspects of life. Several examples of the appropriate exercises are given.

Solving calculation problems is not only an integral part of school chemical education, but also one of the most important indicators of the level of development of students’ chemical thinking, the depth of assimilation of educational material. The tasks about mixtures are very diverse in their content and ways of solving, and, as experience shows, their solution often causes difficulty. The least successful task in the final exam is Task 33, which requires carrying out combined calculations using formulas and equations of chemical reactions. The paper considers a method for solving computational problems about mixtures, in which an indication of the molar ratio of elements is given.

The article reveals the importance of acquiring methodological knowledge that helps understand the essence of basic chemical laws in the initial course of school chemistry. The author gives several techniques for bringing students to the discovery of the laws of chemistry, such as organizing heuristic conversation and creating a problematic situation.

This article describes how to prepare the digitalization of assessing the contribution of every student in solving the experimental creative tasks in chemistry.

This article deals with the problems of the development of universal learning abilities and soft skills in connection with various individual characteristics, different archetypes.

The article discusses goal setting and evaluation of the results of achieving the goal according to criteria as factors of successful learning. The article specifies five rules of effective pedagogical goal-setting, as well as formulations of lesson goals taking into account behavioral and cognitive approaches. For each topic of the lesson, indicators and results of work on the implementation of the goal are indicated. The article provides examples of students’ self-assessment sheets with the criteria by which they will determine their level of achievement of the lesson goal.

The year 2022 marks the 200th anniversary of the birth of the famous French scientist Louis Pasteur. His pioneering work and invaluable contributions to the fi elds of chemistry and crystallography, microbiology and vaccinology are described in the article.

The article presents methodological recommendations for conducting a chemical experiment using a digital acidity sensor in chemistry lessons in grades 8–9. Using digital equipment for the step-by-step formation of ideas about the acid-base properties of substances is considered.

The game technique of studying the hydrolysis of salts and double displacement reactions through the construction of a chemical Christmas tree is considered.

The experience of organizing the research activities of students in chemistry is described, recommendations for choosing the topic of educational research are given. Examples of students’ work on the study of detergents, household filters for water purification, adsorption of organic acids with activated carbon are given.

The article discusses the experience of organizing students’ research activities. The description of the main topics of work and planning of new ones are given. It is shown that research work contributes to the development of students’ search activity.

The article considers several organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics of a shampoo defining its quality. The usage of a shampoo affects not only hair appearance but also scalp health. The results of the study can be helpful for the customers when choosing a shampoo. These results can be used by biology, ecology and chemistry teachers in the organization of the students’ project and research activities.

The author offers a script for a meta-subject lesson on the topic “Water”, which is conducted as a team quest game. The quest includes performing an experiment and tasks aimed at developing the natural science literacy of students.

The author offers a quest scenario for conducting extracurricular activities in chemistry for students of junior or pre-professional classes. The game form of the event as well as safe and interesting experiments contribute to the early professional orientation of students, the development of their cognitive activity and increased interest in studying chemistry.